A United States piracy list pointed to China, Russia, and Canada as the top three worst governments for enforcing copyright policy in the world (in respective order). China’s Foreign Ministry stated that these claims were “groundless” and says that China is doing a lot to combat piracy in copyrighted films, music, video games and other media products.

The International Intellectual Property Alliance, representing U.S. copyright industry groups, estimated that US trade losses due resulting from piracy in more than three dozen countries exceeded US $15.8 billion in 2009. The losses attributed to China were estimated at US$3.5 billion by the International Intellectual Property Alliance.